Processing cheat sheet #2
Syntax

-- VARIABLES AND EXPRESSIONS --

// Variables must be declared along with their type (int, float, boolean)
int n = 5;  // creates an integer variable named "n" with initial value 5
float f = 5.0;  // creates a decimal variable named "f" with initial value 5.0
 -> There are several predefined variables: width and height (of the window), PI, etc.
 -> Expressions use numbers, variables, +, -, * (multiply), / (divide), and parentheses
 -> Expressions can be used as arguments to functions
 -> You can use an int where a float is expected, but not the reverse
int[] a = new int[10]; // creates an array of ten integers
String s = "Hello, world!"; // double quote only, not single quotes

v = e;  // sets the variable v to the value of the expression e
a[0] = a[9] // copies the last value in array a into the first location

boolean a = true, b = false; // declaring a and b; notice case
boolean c = (a || b) && !(a && b); // && is 'and', || is 'or', ! is 'not'

-- STATEMENTS --

n = 1; // simple assignment; n must have been previously declared

boolean logicWorks;    // declaration; camelCase used instead of underscore_between_words
if (2 + 2 == 4) {      // if statement
    logicWorks = true;
} else {               // else part is optional
    logicWorks = false;
}

while (n < 1000) { // while loop; parentheses, braces, and semicolons are required
  n = 2 * n;
}

int sum = 0;
for (int element : a) { // for loop using values in an array
  sum = sum + a;
}

for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i = i + 1) {
  /* initialize i to 0; check if i passes test, and if so, do body; then add 1 to
     i and return to check the test again. Exit when test fails. */
  sum = sum + a[i];
}

-- METHODS --

int average(int a, int b) { // must declare types of parameters and type returned
  float two = 2.0;          // you can declare local variables
  return (a + b) / two;     // mixing int and float gives a float
}